What protection functions does a servo drive board have? Such as overload, overcurrent, overtemperature, and short circuit protection?

Servo the servo drive board as the core control part of the servo system, usually integrates various protection functions to ensure the safe operation of motor and transmission system under abnormal working conditions. The common protective functions of servo drive boards and their working principles are as follows:

I. Overload Protection
Function description: When the motor load exceeds the rated value, the drive plate automatically restricts output power or triggers shutdown by monitoring current or torque feedback to prevent the motor from being damaged by overload.
Implementation method
Current threshold detection: Set 150%-200% of rated current to overload threshold. After a certain period of time, protection is triggered.
Dynamic torque limitation: The output torque is adjusted in real time by algorithm to prevent the motor from getting stuck due to instantaneous overload.
Application scenarios: Robotic arm grabs heavy object, conveyor belt jammed, other load suddenly increased scene.

3. Overcurrent Protection
Function description: When the motor current exceeds the safe range (e.g., short circuit or rotor lock), the drive circuit board will immediately cut off the power supply to prevent power device (e.g., IGBT) from burning due to overheating.
Implementation method
Hardware fast shutdown: The current is monitored in real time by a current sensor. When the limit is exceeded, the power switch is turned off in microseconds.
Software graded response: Triggers Warningss or shutoffs at different levels depending on the extent to which the current exceeds the limit (e.g. 1.5 or 2 times the rated current).
Application scenarios: Sudden increase of motor startup torque and rotor locking caused by mechanical collision.

4. Overheat protection
Function description: When the temperature of the drive pad or motor exceeds the safety threshold, it automatically operates or shut down in a smaller capacity to prevent thermal damage.
Implementation method
Temperature sensor Monitoring: NTC thermistors or PT100 temperature sensors are set up in key parts such as drive plate power module and motor winding.
Dynamic derating control: the output power is gradually reduced when the temperature is near the threshold and forced to close when the threshold is exceeded.
Application scenarios: High temperature environment, long-term high load operation insufficient heat dissipation etc.

5. Short circuit protection
Function description: When the motor winding or drive plate output end short circuit, should quickly cut off the power supply, to prevent the flow of damage to the equipment.
Implementation method
Hardware Short Circuit Detection: By comparing the speed of voltage drop or current mutations, it is possible to identify short circuits and switch off power equipment in nanoseconds.
Software Diagnostic Logic: By the current waveform, we can distinguish between normal starting current and short-circuit circuit fault.
Application scenarios: Short circuit caused by damaged motor cables or incorrect wiring.

6. Underpressure/ overpressure protection
Function description: When input power supply voltage is lower or higher than the rated range, the drive plate automatically shuts off or adjusts working mode to prevent abnormal voltage damage to the device.
Implementation method
Voltage sampling comparison: real-time monitoring of DC bus voltage, over the limit when triggering protection.
Regenerative braking treatment: When an overvoltage occurs, excess energy is consumed through the braking resistor to prevent voltage from rising further.
Application scenarios: Voltage anomaly scenarios such as fluctuation of power grid and unstable power supply.